Do sharks poop bones?

Large bones and other indigestible objects are prevented from going past the stomach due to the small size of the opening to the intestine, but can be regurgitated through the mouth.

dlnr.hawaii.gov - Hawaiʻi Sharks | The Shark Inside - Hawaii.gov

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The Shark Inside

The inside of the shark is designed for maximum efficiency, just like its outside. Sharks have large J-shaped stomachs that can expand considerably. When prey is captured, it is usually swallowed whole or in large pieces. The stomach produces an acid that is strong enough to dissolve metal. Large bones and other indigestible objects are prevented from going past the stomach due to the small size of the opening to the intestine, but can be regurgitated through the mouth. To rid their stomachs of indigestible material, some sharks can force their stomachs inside-out through their mouths, wash it in sea water, then pull it back to its normal location. Shark intestines are short and compact. The surface area of the intestine is increased by internal valves, or coils, that can take any of several forms. The increased surface area slows food passage through the intestine, and speeds up the rate at which it can be digested and absorbed into the blood. Shark livers are huge, consisting of two large lobes surrounding the digestive tract. In some sharks the liver comprises up to 30% of their body weight. The liver stores carbohydrates and fats, releases sugars for energy when needed, and contains oils that assist with buoyancy. In marine fishes, the salt concentration of body tissue fluids is less than half that of the surrounding water, so there would normally be a tendency for water to leave the shark’s body across the gills by osmosis. But sharks compensate for this by retaining urea, a waste product of food produced by the liver. By maintaining elevated blood levels of urea, along with sodium and chloride ions and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), sharks avoid dehydration in a saltwater environment. Like other fish, sharks often have two types of muscle tissue, red and white (somewhat like dark and light meat on a turkey). Red muscle contains a high concentration of myoglobin, and can store a lot of oxygen. It is used for sustained swimming over long distances. In some sharks, such as whites and makos (and in some bony fishes), the heat generated by red muscle is returned to it by networks of blood vessels. This raises the internal body temperature, and increases the efficiency of red muscle tissue. White muscle makes up the majority of muscle mass in sharks, but it doesn’t store much oxygen and can’t sustain swimming for long periods of time.

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Are sharks all female?

Male sharks tend to be smaller than females. But the easiest way to tell them apart is to look for claspers. Males have a pair of claspers, which are used for mating. This is like a pair of extra roll-up fins under their body.

sharktrust.org - Male & Female Sharks | The Shark Trust

How do you tell the difference between a male and female shark?

It's much easier than you probably think. Male sharks tend to be smaller than females. But the easiest way to tell them apart is to look for claspers. Males have a pair of claspers, which are used for mating. This is like a pair of extra roll-up fins under their body.

MALE:

Internally males have two muscular sacs (siphon sacs) in their abdominal wall and testes that produce sperm. These also secrete hormones that control the development of male characteristics.

FEMALE:

Females have a pair of ovaries where eggs are produced. These also secrete hormones that control the development of female characteristics.

SHARK COURTSHIP

Some sharks (such as Blue Sharks and Spiny Dogfish) spend most of their lives in single sex groups. When they reach sexual maturity they’ll meet with the opposite sex once a year to mate. Courtship hasn't been observed in many shark species. But for those it has we know that: The males of some species (such as catsharks) twist their body around females before mating. The males of larger species, such as Lemon Sharks and Nurse Sharks will swim parallel to the female. He'll also bite her fin to hold her alongside him during mating. Basking Sharks have been seen following each other nose-to-tail. It's also thought that breaching may be part of a courtship display. A shark’s courtship can seem aggressive. Female sharks often end up with teeth marks (or ‘love bites’) on their fins or back. But this doesn't hurt them as their skin can be up to 3X thicker than a male’s.

Love Discovering Sharks?

Find out more by exploring our Discover Sharks section, where we cover shark reproduction, anatomy and more.

Shark Reproduction

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