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What are publishing stages?

In order to be ready for publication, a manuscript must go through multiple rounds of editing, first by the author her/himself, and then in collaboration with an editor. Editing is broken down into three major phases that include developmental editing, copy editing, and proofreading.

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Editing – Whether self-publishing, hybrid publishing, or traditionally publishing, editing is probably the most important—and can be the longest—part of the publication process. No author writes the perfect manuscript the first time around. In order to be ready for publication, a manuscript must go through multiple rounds of editing, first by the author her/himself, and then in collaboration with an editor. Editing is broken down into three major phases that include developmental editing, copy editing, and proofreading. The developmental edit is a broad, overall evaluation of the structure of a manuscript and its effectiveness as a narrative. The copy edit examines syntax, grammar, and punctuation. The proofread is a careful examination of all spelling and punctuation to ensure the manuscript is clean and ready for the public eye. Set a release date – Because the length of time for developmental editing varies greatly, most publishers will not choose a release date for the book until developmental editing has been completed. But once it has, the release date will be set—usually, six to eighteen months later to allow for design, marketing, and any potential delays. Additionally, it is important to set an “on-sale” date. This is the date the book will become available for retailers and for pre-order. The “on-sale” date can be anywhere from a few weeks to a few months prior to the release date. Cover Design – Every book needs a great cover because, honestly, most people judge a book by its cover. In order to get a great cover, it’s wise to hire a professional. The designer will ask the publisher to complete a “design brief” which gives the designer all the information they need such as a synopsis, the target audience, and a list of comparable titles. The design process could take a month or two depending on the number of revisions the designer is asked to make. Page Design – Once the cover has been designed, the designer will go to work on the interior page design and layout. This is the process of choosing a font, creating a copyright page, and formatting the paragraphs, chapters, and any illustrations or photographs. This generally takes a few weeks. Proofing – Once the interior of the book has been designed, it’s important to review and proofread the entire book. First, this will be done by reading an electronic version of the book. Any errors the publisher finds will be communicated with the designer who will incorporate any final edits. Distribution – Every book needs a distributor. In the case of large presses, they will contract with a printer first who will then coordinate with a warehouse distributor. For smaller presses and self-published authors, distribution and printing is usually handled together through Print-on-Demand or Digital-first publishing. In either case, the digital files of the cover and interior will be uploaded to the distributor/printer who then prepares the files for printing as well as distribution to numerous online retailers. Galley – A galley is a proof copy of your book. After the electronic files have been uploaded to the distributor, a copy must (or should) be printed and examined for any potential errors. The publisher will read and evaluate the galley to ensure that the book is ready for wide distribution.

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What are the two main types of publishing?
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What are the five types of publication?

Types of Publications Periodicals. Popular Magazines. Trade Journals. Scholarly Journals. Academic Books.

Where do you go to find research? Well, that’s more complicated for you than it was for students 50 years ago. Before the internet, undergraduate researchers were responsible for the sources available in their college or university’s library. Under certain circumstances, materials could be obtained from other libraries through interlibrary loan services. Things have changed. As the saying goes, “With great power comes great responsibility.” The internet, and all the information associated with it, is now at your disposal as a researcher. You are responsible for a lot more than is contained within the walls of the library. This can feel overwhelming, so we will start by exploring the different types of publications you may encounter. We talk about how to find them in a later chapter, but you need to know what you’re looking for before you learn how to find it. On the next few pages, you will learn about the types of research sources you can find using the tools at your disposal. Some of the types of sources you will read about include:

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