What are turning tools?

Turning tools are used on lathes for cutting or finishing the outside diameter of a workpiece. Turning tools can be used to produce cylindrical parts. In its basic form, turning can be defined as the machining of an external surface with the workpiece rotating, or with a single-point cutting tool.

globalspec.com - Turning Tools Selection Guide: Types, Features, Applications

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Types of Turning Tools

There are several types of turning tools. Examples include wood turning tools and a lathe cutting tool. Wood turning tools are used for woodturning and are used to meet the needs of a wood turner. A wood turning tool can be of various types such as:

spindle gouge

roughing gouge

oval skew chisel

round nose scraper

parting tool

hollowing tool

bowl gouge

A lathe cutting tool is held by a tool holder. A tool holder is secured to a tool post using a quick release lever. In order to move a lathe cutting tool, the lathe saddle and cross slide can be moved by hand. Other turning tools are commonly available.

Specifications

Turning tools are generally made from steel, carbon steel, high speed steel, and powdered metal. To use turning tools for a turning operation, three primary factors need to be considered: speed, feed, and depth of cut. Other factors, such as material and type of tool, also have a large influence.

Speed refers to the spindle and the workpiece.

Feed refers to the cutting tool, and it is the rate at which the tool advances along its cutting path. Depth of cut is the thickness of the layer being removed from the workpiece or the distance from the uncut surface of the work to the cut surface.

Features

Wood turning tools are designed to combat the torque problem commonly found when using simple, bent tools to hollow vessels on a lathe. The best lathe cutting tool is made from high speed steel. When a lathe cutting tool removes metal, it applies considerable tangential force to the workpiece. To safely perform a facing operation with a lathe cutting tool, the end of the workpiece must be as close as possible to the jaws of a chuck. In machining hard work materials, the back rake angle must be small, even negative for carbide and diamond tools. For high-speed steels, a back rake angle is normally chosen in the positive range. The range of turning tools includes boring bars, which can be used for internal shouldering, grooving, and profiling for producing complex profiles in one continuous cycle. Boring is generally used for the enlarging of an existing hole. For turning tool sharpening, a power sharpening system or a hand sharpening system can be used. Turning tools can also be hand-made and can be used for ease of use and productivity. Turning tools are designed and manufactured to meet most industry specifications.

Applications

Turning tools can be used in various applications. For example the roughing gouge tool is designed to remove material quickly. Spindle gouges are useful in finishing a surface or to clean up hollows and similar spots where skews won't work. Turning tools are used to create furniture, bowls, platters and serving trays, pens, and a number of other items.

Related Information

CR4 Community—Turning Wood in a Metalwork Lathe

CR4 Community—Unknown Tool

CR4 Community—Why Would You Want a Lathe to Run Backwards?

Jordanhill School D&T Dept / CC BY-SA 2.0

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What are the 4 performance measures?

There are four types of performance measures: Workload or output measures. These measures indicate the amount of work performed or number of services received. ... Efficiency measures. ... Effectiveness or outcome measures. ... Productivity measures.

mtas.tennessee.edu - Types of Performance Measures - MTAS (tennessee.edu)

There are four types of performance measures:

1. Workload or output measures. These measures indicate the amount of work performed or number of services received. Workload or output measures indicate what was done but not how well it was done. Example are:

Number of potholes repaired;

Number of garbage carts collected; and

Number of invoices processed.

2. Efficiency measures. These measures show the relationship between the work performed and the resources required to perform the work. Efficiency measures are often expressed as unit costs. Examples are:

Cost per pothole repaired;

Cost per garbage cart collected; and

Tons of garbage collected per crew (or worker).

3. Effectiveness or outcome measures. These measures reflect the quality of work performed. They tie together work, resources and results. Examples are:

Water meters read per day with less than 1 percent error;

Number of invoices processed without error within two days of receipt; and

Number of cold patch pothole repairs that last for three months.

4. Productivity measures. These measures add efficiency and effectiveness. Productivity ties together work, cost, resources, and results. Examples are:

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