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The plume appears yellow In the video, but Dove suspects the seawater is distorting the color. Shark poop is actually closer to green, Dove said.
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Read More »When immersed in shark-infested waters, staying inside a cage does not mean staying out of a shark's reach, as marine scientists recently found out firsthand. A great white shark was caught on video defecating in front of a captive audience of scuba divers. To the many smaller fish in the water, the massive yellow plume was far from gross. It might as well have been a dinner bell. The video shows them swarming toward the mass. [Image Gallery: Great White Sharks] "Snack time!" Alistair Dove, senior scientist at the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta, told LiveScience. "Unsavory indeed, but chunks of predigested food from a top-level predator's poop still contain enough useful carbon for smaller animals to make a meal of it." Scientists get equally giddy over an elusive sample of fresh shark poop. They analyze the waste for clues about what the fish eat, among other things. "When it's as hard to get your hands on an animal to take samples as it can be with many shark species, you're left with the samples they give you," Dove said. "Feces can tell you about what they are eating, but also a lot of other things." The excrement also contains residual DNA from intestinal cells, so scientists can get gene sequence information and maybe even work out where the shark came from, Dove said. Some scientists also have developed tests that use the poop to study the shark's stress and sex hormones. "The ability to test these without having to touch and therefore stress an animal yourself opens up several research possibilities," Dove said. The plume appears yellow In the video, but Dove suspects the seawater is distorting the color. Shark poop is actually closer to green, Dove said. These shades in poop come from a combination of the breakdown of blood and muscle pigments in the sharks' food, the green-colored bile that does the breaking down, and the yellow pigment bilirubin, which comes from the breakdown of the shark's own red blood cells, Dove said. Brett Israel is a staff writer for OurAmazingPlanet. Email Brett at bisrael@techmedianetwork.com. Follow him on Twitter @btisrael.
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Read More »Also knows as Platypus frogs, the female amphibian, after external fertilization by the male, would swallow its eggs, brood its young in its stomach and gave birth through its mouth.
Researchers in Australia have reached a major milestone in resurrecting a unique species of frog that gives birth through its mouth, and vanished into extinction 30 years ago. In what became known as the " Lazarus Project" at the University of Newcastle in Australia, scientists have resurrected the genome of a gastric-brooding frog, which became extinct in 1983. Also knows as Platypus frogs, the female amphibian, after external fertilization by the male, would swallow its eggs, brood its young in its stomach and gave birth through its mouth. "We are watching Lazarus arise from the dead, step by exciting step," Professor Mike Archer, a Lazarus Project team leader, said in a statement. "We've reactivated dead cells into living ones and revived the extinct frog's genome in the process. Now we have fresh cryo preserved cells of the extinct frog to use in future cloning experiments." The team recovered cell nuclei from tissues collected in 1970 that were kept in a freezer, according to the university. Researchers took donor eggs from the distantly related great barred frog, and replaced their nuclei with dead nuclei from the gastric-brooding frog. The embryos only lived for a few days, but researchers were able to confirm that the cells contain the gastric-brooding frog's genetic material. Archer said that he is confident that the hurdles the Lararus Project team faces are "technological and not biological." "Importantly, we've demonstrated already the great promise this technology has as a conservation tool when hundreds of the world's amphibian species are in catastrophic decline," he said. The gastric-brooding frog was native to Australia. Though it isn't clear why they became extinct, loss of habitat, pollution, and parasites have been suggested as causes.
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