Social Media Means
Social Media Means
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After the race, runners are left with microscopic tears in their leg muscles, which leak proteins such as myoglobin into the bloodstream. "The body's defence mechanism will see these tears as damaged tissue and will set up an inflammatory response," says Williams.
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Read More »Your immune system has taken a battering, your muscles are torn in lots of places and you won't fully recover for a few weeks. But if you're one of the 35,000 or so people who ran the 26.2 miles on Sunday, you're probably painfully aware of all of the above. The severity of the damage and speed of recovery after a long distance run depend on how fit the person is to start with. For the casual runner who has spent several months training properly, the physiological damage during the marathon would have started as a gradual congestion of waste products in the body. "Your tissues are asked to do something that they're not normally asked to do at that speed at that number of repetitions at that distance," says Neil Black, head of physiotherapy at the English Institute of Sport. The fatigue leads to soreness and tightness in the muscles. This means that the runner starts to move slowly and inefficiently. "When they slow down, they will change their gait slightly," says Clyde Williams, a physiologist at Loughborough University. "They're changing to a recruitment of muscles that have not been used for training and that's when you get further aches and pains." In addition, about halfway through the race, the constant pounding of the feet on the roads starts to cause pain in the joints. At about 20 miles, levels of glucose in the bloodstream start to drop and the stores of carbohydrate energy in the body are almost depleted. Runners will become more aware of the distress signals that the various parts of the body are sending to the brain. "The distractions of the crowds and the bands and the cheering become less of a distraction and the focus goes more on the body," says Williams. Dehydration is also a risk. Runners drink water en route to replace the fluid lost through sweat but can't fully replace it, simply because of the time it takes to get water through the digestive system into the bloodstream. All this adds up, effectively, to major trauma. After the race, runners are left with microscopic tears in their leg muscles, which leak proteins such as myoglobin into the bloodstream."The body's defence mechanism will see these tears as damaged tissue and will set up an inflammatory response," says Williams. Part of this response is that free radicals are released, which also attack the tissue. This leads to the familiar soreness. Runners often pick up a cold or an infection afterwards, as the immune system tends to be suppressed for several hours after the marathon. It takes weeks for the body to return to normal. "A lot of people, after a week, feel reasonably well recovered but it would be very unlikely they truly had recovered at a physiological level," says Black.
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