Where do sharks sleep at night?

Different sharks breathe in different ways, and this influences how they rest. Some species are thought to 'sleep swim', others lie stationary on the seafloor, and some snuggle up in groups or someplace out of sight where it's safe to rest such as in a cave or in the sand.

saveourseas.com - Do sharks sleep? - Save Our Seas Foundation

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Some sharks have the cheek to stay stationary.

Sharks that pump water over their gills using their cheek and neck, otherwise known as ‘buccal’ muscles, breathe by means of ‘buccal pumping’. This way of breathing was used by the ancient sharks that first evolved and cruised the oceans 450 million years ago, and many shark species still use buccal pumping today. They include Port Jackson sharks, leopard sharks and zebra sharks. Species that use buccal pumping can spend their time resting, or dare I say snoozing, on the seafloor.

Sharks that sleep all day and swim all night

In the wild and aquariums, some sharks that breathe using buccal pumping are often seen lying still on the sand during the day and actively swimming around at night. Including nursehound sharks and nurse sharks in aquariums, they spend most of their days lying still at the bottom of the tank in a relaxed posture. Nursehound sharks’ eyes are even slightly closed while they appear to be resting. Nurse sharks are less responsive when ‘resting’ and don’t react to scuba divers at all until touched by them, which makes the sharks swim away. Wild nurse sharks are typically docile and not known to be aggressive towards humans but have bitten scuba divers that startled them while they were ‘resting’. None of the bites caused fatalities and were likely done in self-defence following a fright. It seems that while these sharks were ‘resting’ they had decreased awareness of their surroundings and lacked movement that could quickly be reversed, which fits the definition of sleep, right? Well, the definition of sleep has a second part to it: if sleep is lost it leads to more sleep later, known as ‘sleep rebound’. This is the main way in which sleep differs from rest because lost rest doesn’t result in more rest later. It’s tricky to study shark sleep in the wild because sharks are generally shy and elusive and in aquariums they don’t behave in the same way. For example, at night whitetip reef sharks swim three times more in the wild than they do in aquariums. It’s tricky to pinpoint why sharks in aquariums behave differently, but maybe it has to do with the way they’re fed or how the tank is set up. For these reasons, it’s difficult to ascertain whether sharks sleep rebound.

Snoozing in snuggle piles

Nurse sharks often spend their days resting in groups of up to as many as 40 sharks in the wild. Some appear to be cuddling and snuggling while they rest. Shark scientists think resting together may help protect them from predators, including formidable bull sharks.

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What is it called when you reproduce with yourself?

self-fertilization, fusion of male and female gametes (sex cells) produced by the same individual.

britannica.com - Self-fertilization | biology - Encyclopedia Britannica

self-fertilization, fusion of male and female gametes (sex cells) produced by the same individual. Self-fertilization occurs in bisexual organisms, including most flowering plants, numerous protozoans, and many invertebrates. Autogamy, the production of gametes by the division of a single parent cell, is frequently found in unicellular organisms such as the protozoan Paramecium. These organisms, however, may also reproduce by means of conjugation, in which cross-fertilization is achieved by the exchange of genetic material across a cytoplasmic bridge between two individuals. Likewise, among higher plants, most of which are monoecious (i.e., bisexual—male and female gametes being produced by the same individual), most self-pollinating species are also capable of cross-fertilization, and even those that are obligate self-fertilizers are occasionally cross-pollinated by accident. Hermaphroditic animals (those in which both male and female gonads are borne on one individual) are rarely capable of self-fertilization, since many such species have adaptations encouraging cross-fertilization. As an evolutionary and reproductive mechanism, self-fertilization allows an isolated individual to create a local population and stabilizes desirable genetic strains, but it fails to provide a significant degree of variability within a population and thereby limits the possibilities for adaptation to environmental change.

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